Flat parasitic worms are represented in the fauna of our planet mainly by digestic discs (cat and liver bicarry) and tape worms (pork and pork, wide tape, echinoccus).
The diseases caused by them are called helminths.The nutrients of worms are absorbed by a rotary hole or surface of the body with osmosis.
Disease List
Helminths caused by flat helminths are classified according to various signs - the method of infection, the number of owners, life forms, etc.
Depending on the presence or absence of an intermediate host, 3 diseases are distinguished:
- Geogelmintoshesis,where worms do not need a temporary owner.The worms for Geo -GogelMintiasis are located in the human body, which is the final master for them.
- Biogelmintois,Characterized by the fact that parasites, besides the main host (final), also need an intermediary.
- HymenolepidosisOr other contagious form (contact) Helminthias, in which parasites are transmitted from person to person.From the human body, parasites are distinguished by mature, ready for more invasion.
Depending on the characteristics of development, pathogens are classified:
- by the invasion method;
- by the nature of life in the external environment;
- By value occupied in human pathology.
Invasia with cestodes can occur in different ways of penetration through the skin, by swallowing worms, with bite of insect carriers.Parasite migration is often accompanied by a violation of the integrity of tissues and organs.
Important!Most of the time, cestodes are located in the gastrointestinal tract.But some types of helminths have established themselves in other organs and systems - liver, lungs, bile ducts.
Helminthosis is a common name for diseases caused by the presence of worms.Invasions of specific types of helminths usually use specific names.Here are some of the diseases caused by certain types of flat parasites.
Tenialism is a disease that occurs during infection by a bull chain.Invasia is characterized by pronounced toxic-allergic manifestations and dyspeptic disorders.
Tusiarinchose belongs to biogelminthosis.That is, bull tape has the final (person) and intermediate (cattle) hosts.Infection occurs entering the human body of worms by eating incorrectly cooked meat from an infected animal.The parasite is located in the gut, fixing on its walls with suction cups, which at the same time damage the integrity of the intestinal tissue.
Tusiarinchose usually continues without symptoms.But in the case of severe injury, the following manifestations of the disease occur:
- dyspepsia;
- nausea;
- Bad appetite;
- abundant salivation;
- Feeling of gravity in the epigastria;
- heartburn;
- vomit.
Teniosis is helminthiasis caused by pork chain infection.It is characterized by damage to individual organs (brain, eyes) and systemic disorders (dyspepsia, violation of central nervous system functions).
The pork tapeworm is a strip worm that parasitizes in a person's small intestine.Parts of your body, along with eggs, secreted during intestinal movements, are eaten by pigs, which become an intermediate host for tapeworm.In addition to the pigs, the role of the latter can play leres, dogs, rabbits, camels.A person is the only final master for Helmint.
For information!They are infected with a chain when using insufficiently welded or fried pork, invasion is possible through water and dirty hands.
The clinical image of Tusias is similar to the manifestations of Teniarinchose, only more pronounced.Chain -infected people may fall into short -term fainting.In the complicated form of tissue and human organs, they are affected by tapeworm eggs with the formation of unable - cystic larvae.Depending on the location of the latter, severe violations of cardiac activity and brain are possible, vision vision (including complete blindness) is possible.
Echinococcosis
Equinocosis is caused by tape worms with alveococcus and echinococcus.
Invasions are developing with the participation of two owners:
- Intermediate (omnivorous and herbivores ungulants, person), in which the larval form of parasitizes helminths;
- Final (PS - Chacals, Wolves, Foxes), in which adults of worms are located.
Echinococcosis is transmitted to an animal person, that is, they are in their type of zoone invasions.Infection occurs through eggs in hand, vegetables, fruits.
The disease manifests itself in 2 forms:
- Single Chamber (Moisturo, Cystic);
- and Multi -Chamber echinococcosis (alveococcosis).
For humans, equinococal is the process of cyst formation (Finn) that arise in various organs - the heart, liver, lungs, bones, brain.Perhaps the formation of cancer -like metastases.
Observation!The clinic and severity of the disease are determined by the size and number of cysts, its location.The affected organs are subjected to dystrophic changes (parenchyma atrophy, stroma sclerosis).Parasite metabolism products cause toxic-allergic reactions.With a break from an eraser cyst, anaphylactic shock is not excluded.
Hymenolepidosis
The disease is caused by a dwarf tapeworm - a relatively small helminth if we compare it with other representatives of this class.
The tapeworm has a small head, neck and body divided into limbs.When their eggs enter the human body, they develop in a larva trapped with villi to the intestinal walls.The larvae become young individuals (cysticcoids), which are an intermediate stage between the larva and the adult helminth.
A cystiscoid is a very dangerous dwarf life for the owner, as cysticidecoids are able to destroy intestinal walls with the formation of inflammation and erosion.The human body reacts to the defeat of anemia and signs of poisoning.
The eggs are placed on tapeworm adults.When the helminth reaches a certain length, part of its body members with eggs breaks and comes out with feces.The other part remains in the gut and continues its life cycle.
Dwarf chain invasia occurs when drinking dirty water, consuming gelminths not washed with vegetables and fruits, when tangled with the hands in which there are eggs, faces and lips.
Hymenenolepidosis manifests itself by the following main symptoms:
- rapid weight loss;
- stomach pain;
- Strong weakness.
The disease is diagnosed based on the results of fecal analysis.Treatment is performed by synthetic medications, the doctor prescribes dose and ingestion of intake after examining the patient and studying the data of the analysis.
The main way to avoid the infection is to comply with cleaning: frequent hand wash and shower, change clothes, keep a bathroom with the help of effective disinfectants.
Danger to humans
Invasies by cestodes (hymenholepidosis, difficulty, tusiasis, cysticcosis, shadowirinchis) are very dangerous diseases, full of threatening life complications.
It's worth knowing!The manifestation of helminthiasis may be different, depending on the systems and organs affected by worms and the degree of infection.With damage to the central nervous system, inadequacy of behavior, paralysis, epileptic seizures, hyperactivity can occur.The patient may experience headaches and dizziness, weakness, insomnia.
Allergic reactions in the form of edema, urticaria or quincke food allergies usually respond to the infection.
Significant digestive disorders can be observed, manifested in the form of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stupid or accentuated pain in the abdomen.In some cases, pancreatitis and cholecystitis may develop.The consequence of a violation of the functionality of the gastrointestinal tract is, as a rule, a strong weight loss.
Blood tests can detect hypocromic anemia and eosinophilia.
Prevention
Prevention is mainly reduced to compliance with personal hygiene rules.Without it, it is almost impossible to avoid infection, to be in an environment where helminth eggs are common.Not least, from the point of view of invasion prevention, it is the correct heat treatment of meat and other products.
The main prevention recommendations:
- Be sure to wash your hands when you return from the street before meals, after the reference of natural needs.
- Eat only clean fruits and vegetables, well washed.
- Drink only cooked or bottled water.Even filtered water may contain parasitic eggs, not to mention the one that is supplied by the supply of water without filtering.
- Avoid very close contact with pets - not to let them get into bed, not kiss.Regularly check the “our minor brothers” for helminths, if necessary, contact a veterinary clinic.
- Wash the bedding more often and drag underwear, especially the baby.
- Keep your immunity at the appropriate level.This will allow the body to deal with Helminthias on its own.
- In the presence of circumstances that create an increased risk of infection (business travel or tourist travel to exotic countries, they remain in groups where the risk of invasion is high), use preventive ingestion of antigelminies.But this should be done no more than 2 times a year with a mandatory consultation with a doctor.
If the infection occurred, the medications will be prescribed by the doctor individually.These are usually tablet medications.In more severe cases, injections, drops and irradiation are used.
The means of traditional medicine, with its proper use, are also effective in the fight against Helminthies.